To solve this problem, we need to understand the characteristics of a p-type semiconductor.$\\$A p-type semiconductor is formed by doping an intrinsic semiconductor with trivalent atoms.$\\$Trivalent atoms have three valence electrons, which are one less than the four needed to form covalent bonds with the surrounding silicon atoms.$\\$This creates a 'hole' or a positive charge carrier in the lattice structure.$\\$In a p-type semiconductor:$\\$• Holes are the majority carriers.$\\$• Electrons are the minority carriers.$\\$• Trivalent atoms (such as boron, aluminum, or gallium) are used as dopants.$\\$Now, let's evaluate the given options:$\\$Option 1: Electrons are the majority carriers and trivalent atoms are the dopants.$\\$• This is incorrect because, in a p-type semiconductor, holes are the majority carriers, not electrons.$\\$Option 2: Holes are the majority carriers and trivalent atoms are the dopants.$\\$• This is correct because it accurately describes a p-type semiconductor.$\\$Option 3: Holes are the majority carriers and pentavalent atoms are the dopants.$\\$• This is incorrect because pentavalent atoms are used in n-type semiconductors, not p-type.$\\$Option 4: Electrons are the majority carriers and pentavalent atoms are the dopants.$\\$• This is incorrect because it describes an n-type semiconductor, not a p-type.$\\$Therefore, the correct option is Option 2: Holes are the majority carriers and trivalent atoms are the dopants.