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Which of the following molecules represents the order of hybridization s p 2 , s p 2 , s p , s p sp^2, sp^2, sp, sp s p 2 , s p 2 , s p , s p from left to right atoms?
medium
Chemical bonding and Molecular structure
2018
chemistry
CH 2 = _2= 2 = CH − - − CH = = = CH 2 _2 2
Explanation To determine which molecule represents the order of hybridization s p 2 , s p 2 , s p , s p sp^2, sp^2, sp, sp s p 2 , s p 2 , s p , s p from left to right, we need to analyze the hybridization of each atom in the given options. \\
Hybridization is determined by the number of sigma bonds and lone pairs around an atom: \\
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CH 2 = _2= 2 = CH − - − C ≡ \equiv ≡ CH
HC ≡ \equiv ≡ C − - − C ≡ \equiv ≡ CH
CH 3 − _3- 3 − CH = = = CH − - − CH 3 _3 3
•
hybridization occurs with 4 sigma bonds/lone pairs.
•
hybridization occurs with 3 sigma bonds/lone pairs.
•
hybridization occurs with 2 sigma bonds/lone pairs.
Let's analyze each option:
Option 1:
CH
CH
CH
CH
• The first and last carbon atoms are
hybridized (each forms 3 sigma bonds: 2 with H and 1 with C).
• The middle two carbon atoms are also
hybridized (each forms 3 sigma bonds: 1 with C and 2 with other C atoms).
This option does not match the required hybridization order.
Option 2:
CH
CH
C
CH
• The first carbon is
hybridized (3 sigma bonds: 2 with H and 1 with C).
• The second carbon is
hybridized (3 sigma bonds: 1 with C and 2 with other C atoms).
• The third carbon is
hybridized (2 sigma bonds: 1 with C and 1 triple bond with C).
• The fourth carbon is
hybridized (2 sigma bonds: 1 triple bond with C and 1 with H).
This option matches the required hybridization order:
s p 2 , s p 2 , s p , s p . sp^2, sp^2, sp, sp. \\
s p 2 , s p 2 , s p , s p . Option 3:
HC
C
C
CH
• All carbon atoms are
hybridized (each forms 2 sigma bonds: 1 triple bond with C and 1 with H or C).
This option does not match the required hybridization order.
Option 4:
CH
CH
CH
CH
• The first and last carbon atoms are
hybridized (each forms 4 sigma bonds: 3 with H and 1 with C).
• The middle two carbon atoms are
hybridized (each forms 3 sigma bonds: 1 with C and 2 with other C atoms).
This option does not match the required hybridization order.
Therefore, the correct option is Option 2:
CH
CH
C
CH