To solve this problem, we need to identify the chronic respiratory disorder caused mainly by cigarette smoking. Let's analyze each option:$\newline \bullet$Emphysema:$\newline$ - Emphysema is a chronic respiratory disorder characterized by damage to the alveoli (air sacs) in the lungs.$\newline$ - This damage leads to reduced surface area for gas exchange and difficulty in breathing.$\newline$ - Cigarette smoking is the primary cause of emphysema, as it damages the lung tissue and leads to inflammation.$\newline$ - Therefore, emphysema is the correct answer.$\newline \bullet$Asthma:$\newline$ - Asthma is a chronic condition involving the airways in the lungs, characterized by inflammation and narrowing of the airways.$\newline$ - While smoking can exacerbate asthma symptoms, it is not the primary cause of asthma.$\newline \bullet$Respiratory acidosis:$\newline$ - Respiratory acidosis is a condition where the lungs cannot remove all of the carbon dioxide the body produces, leading to a decrease in blood pH.$\newline$ - It is not directly caused by smoking, although smoking can contribute to lung diseases that may lead to respiratory acidosis.$\newline \bullet$Respiratory alkalosis:$\newline$ - Respiratory alkalosis occurs when there is too much removal of carbon dioxide from the body, leading to an increase in blood pH.$\newline$ - It is not related to smoking.$\newline$Therefore, the correct option is Option 1: Emphysema.