To solve this problem, we need to identify the type of selection process occurring based on the given data about newborn weights and survival rates.$\newline \bullet$The weight of newborns ranges from 2 to 5 kg.$\newline \bullet$97% of newborns with an average weight between 3 to 3.3 kg survive.$\newline \bullet$99% of infants born with weight from 2 to 2.5 kg or 4.5 to 5 kg die.$\newline$Let's analyze the type of selection:$\newline \bullet$Stabilizing Selection:$\newline$ - This type of selection favors the average individuals in a population.$\newline$ - It reduces variation by selecting against extreme phenotypes.$\newline$ - In this scenario, newborns with average weights (3 to 3.3 kg) have the highest survival rate, while those with extreme weights (2 to 2.5 kg and 4.5 to 5 kg) have a high mortality rate.$\newline$ - This pattern is characteristic of stabilizing selection, where the population mean is favored, and extremes are selected against.$\newline$Therefore, the correct type of selection process taking place is Stabilizing Selection.$\newline$This corresponds to Option 2.